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Monday, May 30, 2011

Vegetarian Diet – How to Plan Your Own | නිවැරදිව නිර්මාංශික ආභාර වේලක් සකස් කර ගනිමු!

Courtesy of The Witty Hippie 

What is Vegetarianism?
“The theory or practice of living on a diet made up of vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts, and sometimes eggs or dairy products”.

  • True vegetarian: a person who does not eat meat, fish, fowl or products containing these foods. The eating patterns of vegetarians may vary considerably.
  • Vegan or total vegetarian: only foods of plant origin: fruits, vegetables, pulses (dried legume grain), cereals, seeds and nuts.
  • Lacto-vegetarian: plant foods plus milk or milk products.
  • Ovo-lacto-vegetarian (or lacto-ovo-vegetarian): This diet also includes eggs.


Appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful and nutritionally adequate and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. As the popularity of vegetarian diets increase, it is important to be aware about the proper planning of the diet to minimise the nutrient deficiencies.

Daily Plan for Healthy Eating

Food Group
Minimum daily servings
Type of food equal to one serving
Grains
6 - 11
½ cup of rice or pulses (cowpea, green gram), Bread 1 slice,
Pulses, nuts, milk and milk products
5 - 7
Dhal 3 tablespoon, Cowpea ½ cup, nuts 1 tablespoon (peanut, cashew, pumpkin seed, cotton, sesame), egg 1, Soya 2 tablespoon, 1 cup of yogurt, ½ cup of milk
Vegetables
4 - 5
Cooked vegetables 3 tablespoon, green leaves and salads 1 cup
Fruits
2
Medium fruit 1, small banana 1
Fat
2 – 6
Oil, butter, matgarine 1 teaspoon, Coconut gravy 2 tablespoon, coconut sambol 1 tablespoon
Calcium rich food
4-8*
Milk ½ cup, Yougurt 1 cup, Kathrumurunga 3 tablespoon, Cooked soya beans 3 tablespoon, Woodapple 1 medium
Vitamin B12 rich foods
3
Yeast extracts 1 tablespoon, ½ cup of milk, 1 cup of yogurt, 1 egg, fortified food
Omega-3-fatty acids rich foods
2
Canola, olive, soybean oil or nuts 1 tablespoon,
Iron rich foods
2
Legumes, cow pea, spinach
Vitamin C rich foods
2
Guava, orange juice, papaya
Sweets
Moderations
Biscuits, Icecreams, sugar
Number of servings of grains varied from sedentary to active and female to male. Active men need the highest. Calcium 8 servings are needed for adolescents to meet the daily requirements.

Nutritional Considerations

· Energy: Children with adequate energy intakes will grow at a predictable rate. Infants between 6-12 months of age should be fed frequently to accommodate the required energy content from vegetarian diet due to small gastric capacity.
· Protein: Animal products are not a must to have enough protein in the diet. Plant proteins alone can provide enough of the essential and non-essential amino acids, as long as sources of dietary protein are varied and the energy intake is high enough to meet energy needs. Cereals, pulses, vegetables, seeds and nuts all contain both essential and non-essential amino acids. It is necessary to consciously combine these foods ("complementary proteins") during the day. Vegetarian children should be able to receive an adequate amount of protein to grow and thrive.
· Iron: Although the availability of iron from plant food is low vegetarians are not necessarily at a greater risk of iron deficiency than non-vegetarians. Pulses, green leafy vegetables, dried fruits and nuts in quantities are all good plant sources of iron. If fresh fruits in the meal (vitamin C) or processing pulse (germination, fermentation) will enhance the iron absorption of plant foods.
· Vitamin B-12: It is synthesised by bacteria and comes naturally from animal sources only. Total vegetarians or vegans need a reliable source of vitamin B-12.
· Calcium: Studies have shown that vegetarians absorb and retain greater percentage of the calcium from foods than non-vegetarians. Vegetable greens such as spinach, mukunuwanna and some pulses and soybean products are good plant sources of calcium.
· Zinc: Zinc is needed for growth and development. Good plant sources include grains and nuts.


It is important for vegetarian women to check their hemoglobin level prior to become pregnant . Elderly vegetarians should check their hemoglobin levels annually.
Though the person is vegetarian, active life style is a must to minimise chronic diseases like diabetes, heart diseases and high blood pressure. Exercise of at least 30 minutes per day by engaging in brisk walks, gardening, sweeping the garden, etc should be done.

Written by-
Dr. Renuka Jayatissa

5 comments:

  1. mama inna rate paryeshanawalin soyagena thiyanawa wadipurama calsiam thiyenne parsly nam cola wargaye kiyala.[milk walatath wada]e wagema silver beet wadipurama iron thibena cola wargaya.[sathiyakata dewathawakata wada kamata honda na.]itha ihala iron prathisathayak thibena nisa.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Thank you very much for your question. First, we'd like to know which country you are from? Please be kind enough to mention your name in your next post.

    Yes, we know that most Sri Lankans in western countries use parsley to prepare salads because they can't find green leaves easily.

    parsley is a reasonable source of calcium as it has 203mg/100g of calcium. but when it comes to normal serving (3 tablespoons)you get only 100mg of calcium which is highly inadeaquate to meet the daily calcium need of 1200mg.So as you are a vegetarian try to meet up the rest using milk products.

    Silver beet contains 1.1mg of iron in 50g (3 tablespoon serving size). Furthermore, iron in plant sources are not as bio-available (around 10%)compared with animal sources.So, ultimately you will only gain 0.1mg of iron from silver beet alone. The daily requirement for iron is around 20mg/day. Better iron sources for a vegetarian include soy beans (1 cup-8.8mg of iron), lentils (1 cup-6.6mg of iron) and spinach (1 cup-6.4mg). However, spinach contains calcium which restricts iron absorption. Always combine a vitamin C rich food with iron containing foods to help increase iron absorption (e.g. orange juice, lime, broccoli and berries).

    Hope this helps.

    ReplyDelete
  3. here is an interesting article , it says
    " It is estimated that a life-long veggie in UK saves around 760 chickens, 5 cows, 20 pigs, 29 sheep, 46 turkeys, 15 ducks, 7 rabbits and over half a tonne of fish"
    http://www.lankarising.com/2010/02/world-famous-vegetarians.html

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Dear Chavindi,

      Will this result in over crowding of animals on land and fish in the sea?. I wonder why all these animals and fish were "Evolved" in the first instance?. I suppose it is a good thing we humans, with our "Developed" brain did not get "evolved" in the sea to swim and quickly mastered the lifestyles to become the "Most Intelligent" species and found ways to control everyone else and have done just that most efficiently making it necessary for some at least, to advice them exactly how to EAT.

      Delete
  4. Good info. Lucky me I came across your website by accident (stumbleupon).

    I've saved it for later!
    Here is my homepage :: best diet

    ReplyDelete

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